Related Publications

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Dec 1;8(12):e2550915. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.50915.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Early peanut introduction (EPI) is encouraged by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease guidelines and consensus opinion among several allergy associations as a public health measure to decrease peanut allergy. Studies evaluating EPI implementation have found variable impact.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate parental understanding, beliefs, barriers, and overall implementation of EPI.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: For this qualitative study, parents were recruited from primary care academic clinics, federally qualified health centers, and private clinics in Chicago, Illinois, with a focus on adequate representation. Utilizing purposive sampling, all English-speaking parents of infants aged 8 to 13 months were invited to participate. Parents of infants with medical conditions that would alter solid food introduction practices or those involved in other food allergy prevention studies were excluded. Semistructured interviews were conducted with parents from September 2023 to December 2024. Interview questions were structured to follow the Theory of Planned Behavior. All interviews underwent thematic analysis with consensus agreement on all elements.

EXPOSURE: Participation in an interview about EPI.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was EPI understanding and implementation utilizing the following Theory of Planned Behavior domains: knowledge, beliefs and opinions, practices, and information sources. A modified grounded theory approach employing the constant comparison method was used to inform thematic analysis and evaluate interviews.

RESULTS: Forty-nine interviews were conducted. Participants were primarily mothers (45 participants [92%]). Most parents reported they were at least partially aware of EPI guidelines. Eight major themes emerged: (1) EPI was to evaluate whether the infant was allergic to peanut, (2) EPI was to prevent peanut allergy, (3) family history of food allergy was the main risk factor, (4) EPI is viewed positively, (5) fear of an allergic reaction served as a barrier to EPI, (6) parents had mixed feelings about EPI's overall benefit, (7) EPI was understood and practiced with vide variability, and (8) the pediatrician was the primary source of EPI knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This qualitative study found that although parents were aware of EPI, there was confusion around its purpose, implementation, and risk factors. The main barrier for most parents was the risk of an allergic reaction during EPI. Clear and directive guidance from their pediatrician was a facilitator for successful EPI implementation.

PMID:41632118 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.50915

J Food Sci. 2026 Feb;91(2):e70876. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.70876.

ABSTRACT

Peanut-induced allergic reactions are characterized by rapid onset, high morbidity, and mortality. The current stage to reduce the allergenicity of peanut protein involves various processing methods, including ultrasonication, which is widely used in food processing to disrupt protein structure. In this study, peanut crude protein was treated with ultrasonication and fed to mice. Results showed a significant reduction and alleviated tissue damage in the intestine, lung, and spleen. Additionally, inflammatory factors such as TSLP, IL-33, and so forth were significantly reduced in mice. Furthermore, ultrasound-purified Ara h 2 protein treatment in cells showed a significant reduction in cellular inflammation through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This study also found that ultrasonication altered the structure of the Ara h 2 protein, which may be the main reason for its reduced sensitization.

PMID:41618738 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.70876

Braz J Biol. 2026 Jan 26;85:e299765. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.299765. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed oilseed crops globally, with seed quality being a critical factor for successful cultivation and productivity. Among the main phytopathogenic agents associated with seeds, fungi stand out due to their frequency and the extent of damage they can cause, ranging from the sowing period to post-harvest. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of commercial biological products on the sanitary and physiological quality of peanut seeds. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Phytopathology Laboratory at CCA/UFPB, Areia-PB, Brazil. The treatments included: Vacciplant®, Shocker®, Tricho Turbo®, Auin®, Ecotrich®, Captana®, and a control using sterilized distilled water (SDW). The following parameters were evaluated: fungal incidence, seed moisture content, germination, first count, germination and emergence speed indices, as well as seedling growth and dry mass. All treatments reduced the incidence of Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Chaetomium sp., and Aspergillus sp. The highest germination speed index (GSI) was observed with Ecotrich® (87.29). The products Ecotrich®, Auin®, and Captana® promoted greater shoot and root growth, while Shocker®, Auin®, and Captana® were most effective in increasing shoot dry mass. All treatments outperformed the control in seedling emergence, with Captana® being the most effective. The results indicate that biological products are a promising alternative for peanut seed treatment, with positive effects on seed health, germination, and vigor.

PMID:41615108 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.299765

Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2026 Jan 18;48(1):99. doi: 10.3390/cimb48010099.

ABSTRACT

Background: Peanut is susceptible to iron (Fe) deficiency, particularly in calcareous soils. However, comparative studies on the adaptive mechanisms of different peanut cultivars to Fe deficiency remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of two distinct peanut cultivars to Fe deprivation and to identify the key traits contributing to differential Fe efficiency. Methods: Two peanut cultivars, LH11 and YZ9102, were cultivated under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions, using both hydroponic and pot-based soil culture systems. Multiple parameters were assessed, including visual symptomology, biomass, tissue Fe concentration, active Fe in leaves, chlorophyll (Chl) content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Chl fluorescence (Fv/Fm), rhizosphere pH, root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity, and the relative expression of two Fe-acquisition-related genes (AhIRT1 and AhFRO1) via qRT-PCR. Results: Cultivar YZ9102 exhibited more severe Fe deficiency chlorosis symptoms, which also appeared earlier than in LH11, under both cultivation systems. Under Fe deficiency, YZ9102 showed significantly lower Chl content, Pn, and Fv/Fm compared to LH11. In contrast, LH11 demonstrated a greater capacity for rhizosphere acidification and maintained significantly higher root FCR activity under Fe-limited conditions. Gene expression analysis revealed that Fe deficiency induced the up-regulation of AhIRT1 and AhFRO1 in the roots of LH11, while their transcript levels were suppressed or unchanged in YZ9102. Conclusions: The peanut cultivar LH11 possesses superior tolerance to Fe deficiency compared to YZ9102. This enhanced tolerance is attributed to a synergistic combination of traits: the maintenance of photosynthetic performance, efficient rhizosphere acidification, heightened root Fe³⁺ reduction capacity, and the positive transcriptional regulation of key Fe uptake genes. These findings provide crucial insights for the selection and breeding of Fe-efficient peanut varieties for cultivation in Fe-deficient environments.

PMID:41614929 | PMC:PMC12839995 | DOI:10.3390/cimb48010099

Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025 Dec 25;48(1):29. doi: 10.3390/cimb48010029.

ABSTRACT

Sucrose is a key quality trait in peanuts, yet high-sucrose varieties are scarce. Although sucrose transporters (SUT/SUC) play crucial roles in sucrose transport and accumulation during seed development, systematic analyses in peanuts are limited. This study conducted a genome-wide analysis of the SUC gene family in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Sixteen AhSUC genes were identified and characterized for genomic distribution, phylogeny, and expression across tissues and developmental stages. The genes are unevenly distributed across the genome with clustered chromosomal localization. All AhSUC proteins contain the conserved sucrose/proton co-transporter domain (IPR005989), exhibit the typical 12 transmembrane α-helical structure of the major facilitator superfamily, are hydrophobic, and predicted to localize to the membrane. Promoter analysis revealed cis-regulatory elements associated with growth, development, light, hormone, and stress responses. Expression profiling showed tissue-specific patterns, with eight AhSUC genes being highly expressed in cotyledons and embryos. Comparative analysis between high-sugar and conventional varieties showed higher expression of AhSUC2, AhSUC9, and AhSUC11 in the high-sugar variety, correlating with increased sucrose accumulation. Functional validation using a sucrose transport-deficient yeast mutant confirmed the sucrose transport activity of these genes. These findings provide insight into sucrose accumulation mechanisms and offer genetic targets for breeding high-sugar peanut varieties.

PMID:41614859 | PMC:PMC12840190 | DOI:10.3390/cimb48010029

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2026 Jan 25;42(1):330-342. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.250392.

ABSTRACT

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of China's important oilseed and economic crops, and its symbiotic nitrogen fixation system formed with rhizobia has significant agricultural and ecological value. The aspartic protease family plays a crucial role in plant stress resistance and hormone signal transduction, while its function in leguminous plants for nodular nitrogen fixation remains unclear. This study identified a specifically expressed aspartic protease family gene, AhAP12, which rapidly responded to rhizobial infection in peanut nodules through bioinformatics analysis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AhAP12 was localized to both the nucleus and cell membrane. Moreover, overexpression of AhAP12 in peanut hairy roots significantly increased nodule formation, while silencing AhAP12 markedly reduced nodulation, which indicated that AhAP12 positively regulated peanut nodulation. Further expression analysis revealed that AhAP12 might influence the nodulation process by regulating the expression of multiple key nodulation-related genes, including AhNIN and AhHK. This study is the first to elucidate the role of AhAP12 in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes, providing new theoretical insights into the molecular mechanisms of nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Additionally, it offers valuable genetic resources for breeding new peanut varieties with enhanced nodulation efficiency and improved nitrogen utilization.

PMID:41611504 | DOI:10.13345/j.cjb.250392

Food Res Int. 2025 Dec;221(Pt 1):117207. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117207. Epub 2025 Aug 5.

ABSTRACT

Peanut protein isolate (PPI) has limited gelation property, thus inhibiting their widespread usage. In this research, the treatment of PPI with combined pH-shifting at pH 10 and mild heating (CPH) at different temperatures on gel properties of transglutaminase (TG) induced cold-set PPI gel (T-PPI-G) were studied. It was found that the combined treatment significantly increased the gel strength and water holding capacity of T-PPI-G, and the two parameters increased with increasing of temperature during the pH shifting process. This was because the combined treatment increased the solubility and decreased the particle size of PPI significantly. Moreover, the combined treatment increased the free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity of PPI and heated PPI (H-PPI), thus promoting protein interactions during the formation of PPI gel. In addition, more free amino of PPI and H-PPI were provided after the combined treatment, which further enhanced the TG cross-linking degree and decreased the non-network protein content. SDS-PAGE showed significant alteration of protein submit and CD spectroscopy showed significant change of α-helices to β-sheets for PPI and H-PPI subjected to the combined treatment. Besides, larger change of structure and physicochemical characteristics were found when PPI were treated at higher temperature during the pH shifting process, thus resulting in a much denser gel structure. So this study suggested that alkali-heat treatment is an effective means to tailor the properties of TG induced PPI gel.

PMID:41606932 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117207

Ann Bot. 2026 Jan 28:mcag013. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcag013. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primed acclimation (PA) is a phenomenon where an abiotic stressor early in a plant's vegetative stage primes defense pathways to the same stressor at later developmental stages. Similarly, cross-stress tolerance is a response where an exposure to one abiotic stressor creates a 'stress memory' that can more quickly respond to a later, different abiotic stressor. Cross-priming is a phenomenon where an early abiotic stressor confers defense to a late season biotic stressor. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an economically important crop in the United States, has exhibited beneficial primed acclimation responses in previous studies. Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of southern blight, can inflict significant economic damage to peanut operations. The purpose of this study was therefore to test for cross-priming against southern blight in two peanut cultivars.

METHODS: In this factorial greenhouse study, we instituted four sequential treatments each with two levels: (1) cv. Florun 331/cv. Georgia-06G, (2) Primary Water Stress (P-50FC)/Primary Well-Watered (P-100FC), (3) Inoculated/Control, and (4) Secondary Water Stress (S-0FC)/Secondary Well-Watered (S-100FC), yielding a total of 16 treatments. The primary water stress (PWS) consisted of irrigating plants to 50% field capacity for 35 days and the secondary water stress (SWS) was the withholding of any water for seven days.

KEY RESULTS: We documented the absence of a beneficial cross-priming result as we did not see reduced southern blight progression among plants exposed to the PWS. Crucially, we observed a three-way interaction between cultivar, PWS, and SWS in inoculated plants, whereby the treatment combinations "Georgia-06G→P-50FC→S-0FC" and "Florun331→P-50FC→S-100FC" had substantially greater disease severity than their P-100FC counterparts. Serendipitously, we observed reduced secondary transmission of southern blight in P-50FC treated plants. Overall, our results caution that drought acclimation may not only fail to deliver crop production benefits but could even have an adverse influence on peanut yields and disease severity.

PMID:41601275 | DOI:10.1093/aob/mcag013

Plants (Basel). 2026 Jan 20;15(2):304. doi: 10.3390/plants15020304.

ABSTRACT

Seed coat color in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a critical agronomic trait that affects both nutritional quality and market appeal. In this study, we identified two bHLH transcription factor genes, AhWSC1a and AhWSC1b, homologues of Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA 8, as indispensable gatekeepers of basal flavonoid pigmentation. QTL-seq analysis of a recombinant inbred line population derived from a black-testa parent (S3) and a white-testa parent (S2) revealed that recessive loss-of-function mutations in both AhWSC1a/1b abolish proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, resulting in a white testa. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling confirmed the absence of proanthocyanidins and a strong repression of late anthocyanin-pathway genes (DFR, LDOX) in the mutants. Molecular assays further demonstrated that AhWSC1 physically interacts with the R2R3-MYB regulator AhTc1 to form a functional MBW complex that activates AhDFR and AhLDOX transcription. In this research, we also found that the black testa phenotype may arise from elevated AhTc1 expression associated with a structural variant (SV); however, in the SV background, the introduction of ahwsc1a/1b mutant leads to a significant suppression of AhTc1 expression. Notably, because AhWSC1 is transcriptionally silent in hairy-root systems, overexpression of AhTc1 alone failed to induce these late-stage anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, highlighting AhWSC1 as an indispensable, rate-limiting hub of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway regulation. Collectively, our findings establish AhWSC1a and AhWSC1b as master regulators of peanut testa pigmentation, elucidate the molecular basis of classical white testa inheritance, and provide genetic targets for precision-breeding of nutritionally enhanced cultivars.

PMID:41600111 | PMC:PMC12845083 | DOI:10.3390/plants15020304

Insects. 2026 Jan 4;17(1):63. doi: 10.3390/insects17010063.

ABSTRACT

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important oilseed and food legume, yet its productivity is persistently constrained by devastating diseases and insect pests that thrive under changing climates. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of advances in precision breeding and molecular approaches for enhancing disease and pest resistance in peanut. Traditional control measures ranging from crop rotation and cultural practices to chemical protection have delivered only partial and often unsustainable relief. The narrow genetic base of cultivated peanut and its complex allotetraploid genome further hinder the introgression of durable resistance. Recent advances in precision breeding are redefining the possibilities for resilient peanut improvement. Multi-omics platforms genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have accelerated the identification of resistance loci, effector-triggered immune components, and molecular cross-talk between pathogen, pest, and host responses. Genome editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas systems now enable the precise modification of susceptibility genes and defense regulators, overcoming barriers of conventional breeding. Integration of these molecular innovations with phenomics, machine learning, and remote sensing has transformed resistance screening from manual assessment to real-time, data-driven prediction. Such AI-assisted breeding pipelines promise enhanced selection accuracy and faster deployment of multi-stress-tolerant cultivars. This review outlines current progress, technological frontiers, and persisting gaps in leveraging precision breeding for disease and pest resistance in peanut, outlining a roadmap toward climate-resilient, sustainable production systems.

PMID:41598917 | PMC:PMC12842506 | DOI:10.3390/insects17010063

Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Jan 15;27(2):890. doi: 10.3390/ijms27020890.

ABSTRACT

This study explores the virome of fifteen peanut cultivars in Korea. Through RNA sequencing, 305 viral contigs associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), peanut mottle virus (PeMoV), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), and brassica yellows virus (BrYV) were identified, with CMV notably prevalent across samples. Evaluation of viral abundance using viral reads and TPM values revealed CMV dominance in reads and PeMoV prominence in normalized values in select samples. Complete genomes of BCMV, PeMoV, BrYV, and CMV segments were assembled, enabling phylogenetic analysis that uncovered genetic relationships among viral isolates. RT-PCR confirmed BCMV, CMV, and PeMoV presence. Genetic diversity within BCMV was evident through single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, displaying diverse patterns and correlations with viral reads. This study discusses the implications for peanut cultivation, stressing the importance of ongoing research to manage viral diseases. It forms a foundational resource for future investigations into peanut virology, guiding strategies for disease management in peanut crops.

PMID:41596536 | PMC:PMC12841197 | DOI:10.3390/ijms27020890

J Fungi (Basel). 2026 Jan 13;12(1):65. doi: 10.3390/jof12010065.

ABSTRACT

(1) Background: Improving nitrogen use efficiency in peanuts is essential for achieving a high yield with reduced nitrogen fertilizer input. This study investigates the role of the fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris in regulating nitrogen utilization throughout the entire growth cycle of peanuts. (2) Methods: Field pot experiments and a two-year plot trial were conducted. The effects of Ph. liquidambaris colonization on the rhizosphere microbial community, soil nitrogen forms, and peanut physiology were analyzed. (3) Results: Colonization by Ph. liquidambaris significantly suppressed the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in the rhizosphere at the seedling stage. This led to a transient decrease in nitrate and an increase in ammonium availability, which enhanced nodulation-related physiological responses. Concurrently, the peanut-specific rhizobium Bradyrhizobium sp. was enriched in the rhizosphere, and the root exudates induced by the fungus further stimulated nodulation activity. These early-stage effects promoted the establishment of peanut-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. During the mid-to-late growth stages, the fungus positively reshaped the composition of key functional microbial groups (including diazotrophs, AOA, and AOB), thereby increasing rhizosphere nitrogen availability. (4) Conclusions: Under low nitrogen fertilization, inoculation with Ph. liquidambaris maintained yield stability in long-term monocropped peanuts by enhancing early nodulation and late-stage rhizosphere nitrogen availability. This study provides a promising microbe-based strategy to support sustainable legume production with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application.

PMID:41590477 | PMC:PMC12843411 | DOI:10.3390/jof12010065

Nat Commun. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68884-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Wild Arachis species exhibit abundant genetic diversity for peanut improvement. However, the evolutionary history of their genomes is unclear. Here, through comparative oligopainting, we establish a one-to-one correspondence between microscopically observed chromosomes and sequenced pseudomolecules of Arachis duranensis, A. ipaensis, and cultivated peanut, and determine the 10 homoeologous groups (Hgs) of the A, B, F, K, and H genomes. Analysis of the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly of A. hoehnei reveals that its genome is a diverging form of the A genome and is designated as genome A'. In addition, the unique small chromosome A08 is originated from two inversions and a substantial contraction of A'08. We propose a genome evolution model of the Arachis genus, where A' bridges the A and B genomes. We further report an artificial hexaploid peanut derived from a hybrid of cultivated peanut and A. hoehnei, and identify differentially expressed genes against web blotch in A. hoehnei.

PMID:41588000 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-026-68884-5

Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 23. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37110-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The global rise of herbicide-resistant weeds underscores the urgent need for sustainable weed management strategies. Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small, a perennial invasive weed native to North America and widespread in the Southeastern United States, presents untapped potential as a bioherbicide. This study evaluated the effects of its aqueous extract on seed germination and early seedling growth of thirteen weed species (nine broadleaf and four grasses) and four major crops (Arachis hypogaea, Zea mays, Glycine max, and Gossypium hirsutum). The extract significantly inhibited seed germination (92.62-100%) of four Amaranthus species (A. palmeri, A. tuberculatus, A. retroflexus, and A. hybridus) with minimal effects on Zea mays and Arachis hypogaea (6.12-6.25%). Other weeds showed a limited response. Inhibition of shoot and root growth confirmed the extract's allelopathic activity. Principal component analysis indicated inhibition of seed germination as the primary mode of action. The order of pigweeds' sensitivity to the aqueous extract was A. hybridus > A. retroflexus > A. palmeri > A. tuberculatus. Phytochemical screening identified 36 allelopathic compounds with gallic acid and hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone as the dominant components. This is the first report demonstrating the bioherbicidal potential of E. capillifolium aqueous extract against Amaranthus spp. under laboratory conditions, highlighting its promise as a sustainable alternative to synthetic herbicides and a candidate for further field-based evaluation in integrated weed management systems.

PMID:41577944 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-37110-z

bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Dec 5:2025.12.04.692133. doi: 10.64898/2025.12.04.692133.

ABSTRACT

Cis -regulatory elements are specific DNA sequences that control gene expression in a spatiotemporal manner, and variation within these elements represents a major source of phenotypic diversity and evolutionary innovation. Nevertheless, how regulatory elements evolve and shape gene expression remains poorly understood, particularly in plants. The well-resolved phylogeny of allopolyploid peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) and its diploid progenitors, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis , provides an ideal system to investigate the regulatory evolution at a lineage-specific level. By integrating comparative analyses of sequence similarity, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs), and gene expression, we reconstructed the evolutionary trajectories of Accessible Chromatin Regions (ACRs), where regulatory elements typically reside, and revealed their distinct contributions to homeolog expression bias, unequal expressions between homeologs, in a polyploid genome. Most ACRs exhibited high sequence similarity, comparable chromatin accessibility, and conserved states for H3K4me3, H3K56ac, and H3K36me3, indicating regulatory stability after hybridization and polyploidization. However, a subset of novel ACRs emerged de novo or through sequence mutations in preexisting ACRs, arising at different rates and evolutionary stages. Notably, even highly sequence-conserved ACRs exhibited substantial variation in chromatin accessibility variation, consistent with CNS composition differences and minor sequence variation, although causal relationships remain to be demonstrated. Our analyses further revealed a complex spectrum of CNS dynamics across the diploid-polyploid framework. Overall, our study provides empirical insights into the fine-scale evolution of plant regulatory landscapes and complements previous large-scale comparisons across distant lineages.

PMID:41573844 | PMC:PMC12822719 | DOI:10.64898/2025.12.04.692133

J Food Sci. 2026 Jan;91(1):e70815. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.70815.

ABSTRACT

This study systematically characterizes and compares the structural and functional properties of peanut protein isolates from native kernels (LPPI) and hot-pressed meal (HPPI) to identify differences in emulsification stability mechanisms. Comparative analysis between peanut protein isolate extracted from peanut kernels (LPPI) and protein from hot-pressed peanut meal (HPPI) revealed significant structural disparities. LPPI exhibited higher molecular weight subunits (65 kDa), elevated β-sheet content (39%), and enhanced surface hydrophobicity. In contrast, HPPI showed subunit degradation (absence of 65 kDa conarachin II), increased α-helix content (13%), and reduced solvent-exposed aromatic residues. These structural modifications directly influence interfacial behavior. LPPI demonstrated improved adsorption kinetics and formed viscoelastic interfacial films with a higher complex modulus. Emulsions stabilized by LPPI exhibited smaller droplet sizes and a lower Turbiscan Stability Index, attributed to its capacity to overcome interfacial energy barriers through rapid adsorption and steric stabilization. The deterioration of HPPI's emulsification performance was mechanistically linked to thermal-induced subunit dissociation, which impaired hydrophobic interactions and interfacial film cohesion. These findings establish critical structure-function relationships that help explain performance differences between native and hot-pressed peanut proteins, providing a theoretical foundation for developing targeted modification strategies to enhance the functional value of peanut meal by-products in emulsified food systems.

PMID:41549619 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.70815

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2026 Jan;37(1):180-188. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.030.

ABSTRACT

Peanut is a typical crop in Henan Province. Identifying the relationship between per-unit yield fluctuation and extreme climate is crucial for ensuring planting security. With the dataset of peanut per-unit yield from 17 cities during 1988-2022, we analyzed the variations of regional disparities in planting efficiency, quantified the impacts of extreme climate on peanut through the multiple regression analysis between climatic yield and 9 extreme climate indices, and identified the spatio-temporal variations for comprehensive climatic disaster-losses of peanut using climatic reduction rate and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method. The results showed that regional equilibrium in peanut planting efficiency showed an increasing trend during 1988-2022, though per-unit yield in western cities remained significantly lower than those in eastern high-yield regions. The high-temperature events generally intensified across months during the growing season, with nearly 60% of stations showing significant increasing trends in August, while the intensification of concurrent heavy precipitation and drought was not significant. The dominant disaster-inducing factors for peanuts exhibited significant regional differences, with strong rainfall in the southern, eastern, and northern regions, and high-temperature and drought in the central-western regions. Extreme climate led to a significant reduction in peanut yields by 0.8%-6.7% in 12 cities. Climatic disaster losses of peanut displayed higher intensity during 1988-2009 but remained at low levels during 2010-2022.

PMID:41526292 | DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.030

Anal Methods. 2026 Jan 29;18(4):812-821. doi: 10.1039/d5ay01795e.

ABSTRACT

Rapid and accurate detection of allergenic components, such as peanuts and soybeans, in food products is crucial for ensuring the dietary safety of individuals with allergies. In this study, a rapid dual detection method for peanut and soybean allergens was established based on ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA) combined with proofreading enzyme-mediated probe cleavage (Proofman). Specific primers and Proofman probes targeting the peanut Ara h 2.01 gene and the soybean lectin gene sequences were designed. This method facilitates simultaneous detection of peanut and soybean allergens in foods within 30 minutes. The detection sensitivity of the method for genomic DNA (gDNA) of peanuts and soybeans reached 5 pg µL^-1, and the minimum detectable limit for allergenic peanut (or soybean) components in non-allergenic matrices was 1%. The designed Proofman-LMTIA method has excellent specificity, and the detection results for the 9 categories of commercial food samples were completely consistent with the allergen labels on the products. Furthermore, this study verified the detection sensitivity of the method by comparing it with the standard singleplex LAMP method, and further confirmed its practical application feasibility through the detection of actual samples. The dual Proofman-LMTIA method established in this study enables rapid and accurate identification of peanut and soybean allergens in food products, which will facilitate market supervision of food allergens.

PMID:41521881 | DOI:10.1039/d5ay01795e

J Agric Food Chem. 2026 Jan 21;74(2):2352-2366. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12598. Epub 2026 Jan 10.

ABSTRACT

This research investigated the impact of ultrasound-assisted glycation (UG) on the allergenicity of the peanut allergen Ara h 1. Spectral analysis showed that the free amino acid content in the UG-G group decreased most significantly, with a simultaneous increase in surface hydrophobicity. Additionally, the digestive stability of Ara h 1 was enhanced after UG treatment. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis confirmed that lysine is the major glycation modification site of Ara h 1. Compared to the UG-M and UG-MTS groups, UG-G exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on IgG/IgE binding capacity. Further verification was conducted using KU812 cells and a mouse allergic model. Both the UG-G and UG-M groups were found to significantly inhibit the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine, effectively regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines, and suppress the expression of specific antibodies (IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a), thereby alleviating the allergic symptoms in mice. These results demonstrate that UG treatment significantly reduces the allergenicity of Ara h 1, and there are significant differences in the allergenicity reduction effect among glycans of different lengths, with the UG-G group exhibiting a particularly pronounced effect.

PMID:41518324 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12598

Molecules. 2025 Dec 22;31(1):38. doi: 10.3390/molecules31010038.

ABSTRACT

Essential oils (EOs) are promising bio-preservatives for oilseeds; however, their high volatility and strong aroma limit practical applications. In this study, we developed a dual-size microencapsulated formulation of oregano (Origanum compactum) and myrtle (Myrthus communis) EOs (75:25, w/w) using gelatin-gum arabic complex coacervation, and evaluated its antifungal efficacy and effect on seed viability in peanuts. GC-MS analysis of the EO blend identified carvacrol (33.83%) as the dominant constituent. The microcapsules exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 83.56% and were produced in a 70% small/30% large particle ratio to ensure both immediate and sustained vapor release. In vapor-phase assays against toxigenic A. flavus (RP-6), both free and encapsulated EOs inhibited fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner and achieved complete suppression at concentrations ≥0.2 µL mL^-1, whereas the wall material alone showed no activity. In a 120-day microcosm storage experiment (0.2 mg EO g^-1 kernels; 0.96 mg microcapsules g^-1), treated peanuts showed an immediate reduction in total fungal load from 3.52 to 1.48 log₁₀ CFU g^-1 (≈58%), which stabilized near 1.42-1.43 log₁₀ CFU g^-1 up to 90 days, while the control samples increased to 4.25 log₁₀ CFU g^-1 by day 120. The formulation effectively suppressed major storage fungi, including Aspergillus sections Flavi and Nigri, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Alternaria. The antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) was retained after encapsulation (IC₅₀: 0.52 mg mL^-1 encapsulated vs. 0.58 mg mL^-1 free). Germination power remained comparable to the control throughout storage (≈50-52%), indicating no adverse impact on seed viability. These findings demonstrate that vapor-active, dual-size microencapsulation of oregano-myrtle EOs offers a practical and sustainable approach to enhance peanut safety during storage without compromising germination potential.

PMID:41515335 | PMC:PMC12786480 | DOI:10.3390/molecules31010038