Related Publications

Front Plant Sci. 2025 Nov 27;16:1699469. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1699469. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Salt stress adversely affects seed germination, seedling growth, and development, considerably impacting peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. However, their genetic and genomic responses to salinity remain poorly understood. To identify candidate genes associated with salt tolerance, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 295 peanut genotypes and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of two contrasting accessions (tolerant and susceptible) exposed to 200 mM NaCl at the seedling stage were conducted. Leaf scorch, sodium ion concentration, proline content, and chlorophyll content were evaluated as primary indicators of salt tolerance. GWAS identified 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with salt stress. Transcriptome analysis of root tissues revealed 1,734 differentially expressed genes, significantly enriched in pathways such as oxidoreductase activity, defense response, flavonoid biosynthesis, transcription factor activity, and cytochrome P450-related functions. Seventeen common candidate genes were identified through the integration of GWAS and RNA-seq results. Of these genes, seven exhibited expression levels significantly correlated with relevant salt tolerance traits. Sequence variations were detected in two of the seven genes, associated with sodium ion content and leaf scorch score, respectively. Using validated mutation data, we developed a kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction marker to assess proline levels, which enable breeders to make precise and early selections at the field level, thereby reducing both the time and cost required for developing new salt-tolerant varieties through efficient marker-assisted selection. Our integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis identified seven high-confidence candidate genes, providing new insights and theoretical basis for cloning salt-tolerant genes. These findings advance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying peanut adaptation to salt stress and offer valuable genetic resources, including tolerant accessions and associated or linked genomic regions, to support breeding programs for developing salt-tolerant cultivars.

PMID:41393885 | PMC:PMC12695741 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2025.1699469

Allergol Int. 2025 Dec 11:S1323-8930(25)00128-5. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2025.10.007. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dosing intervals are important in determining oral food challenge (OFC) safety; however, the optimal interval remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate symptom onset time in low-dose OFCs, utilizing 60-min intervals, involving four common pediatric allergens.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed symptom onset time for low-dose OFCs involving two doses at 60-min intervals in children allergic to egg, milk, wheat, and peanut. Challenges were performed to diagnose allergies or confirm tolerance acquisition. Total challenge doses were 250, 102, 52, and 133 mg of egg, milk, wheat, and peanut proteins, respectively. OFCs were positive when objective symptoms were observed.

RESULTS: Of the 1610 children (379, 430, 431, and 370 had allergies to egg, milk, wheat, and peanut, respectively), 552 (34 %) were OFC-positive: 103 (27 %) with egg allergy, 210 (49 %) with milk allergy, 105 (24 %) with wheat allergy, and 134 (36 %) with peanut allergy. The median (interquartile range) onset times of symptom were 45 (29-60) min for egg allergy, 30 (15-45) min for milk allergy, 42 (30-55) min for wheat allergy, and 30 (14-45) min for peanut allergy after the first dose, and 35 (17-60) min for egg allergy, 30 (15-45) min for milk allergy, 35 (24-55) min for wheat allergy, and 25 (15-40) min peanut allergy after the second dose. Late-onset reactions (≥30 min) occurred in 64 % of first doses and 54 % of second doses across all allergens.

CONCLUSIONS: OFC dose intervals at >30 min are necessary to ensure safety and accurate assessment.

PMID:41387139 | DOI:10.1016/j.alit.2025.10.007

Plant Cell Physiol. 2025 Dec 11:pcaf165. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcaf165. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Peanut is a vital oilseed legume with considerable nutritional and economic value worldwide. Considering the global agricultural importance of this legume, researchers have sequenced the whole genomes of both wild and cultivated peanut varieties. Furthermore, databases such as PeanutBase have been established to advance peanut research and breeding. These databases compile extensive genomic resources, including reference genomes, gene annotations, and molecular markers. However, very few genes in cultivated peanut have been functionally characterized. To address this research gap, we developed an enhanced version of the Peanut Genome Resource (PGR) platform (https://pgr.itps.ncku.edu.tw), specifically focusing on providing comprehensive genomic, annotation, and phenotypic data for Arachis hypogaea, especially the Chinese peanut var. Shitouqi. This updated platform integrates an extensive range of genomic annotations-such as information on gene functions, protein domains, transcription factor families, gene ontology terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, PGR offers gene expression profiles across tissues and conditions as well as tools for differential gene expression and coexpression analyses. To the best of our knowledge, PGR is the first peanut-related platform to incorporate advanced bioinformatics tools for cis-regulatory element analyses, such as those aimed at predicting transcription factor-binding sites; identifying CpNpG islands, tandem repeats, and single sequence repeats; and performing in silico polymerase chain reaction assays for genetic markers. With its user-friendly interface and comprehensive analytical capabilities, PGR serves as a powerful platform for advancing research on peanut genetics, breeding, and functional genomics.

PMID:41378926 | DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcaf165

Plants (Basel). 2025 Nov 27;14(23):3620. doi: 10.3390/plants14233620.

ABSTRACT

Invasive seed predators can severely affect the reproduction of long-lived trees, especially when host range expansion occurs. The beetle Specularius impressithorax (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), native to Africa, has become established in Hawai'i where it attacks the endemic coral tree (Erythrina sandwicensis; Wiliwili). Here, we report the infestation of an African coral tree (E. livingstoniana) by this beetle and assess its performance and oviposition patterns on native and non-native hosts. Field surveys showed that eggs were aggregated on both hosts but more abundant on E. sandwicensis than on E. livingstoniana. Laboratory assays revealed no difference in larva-to-adult survival between the two hosts, although adults emerging from E. sandwicensis were larger. Choice tests indicated no oviposition preference between the two Erythrina species, despite the larger seed size of E. sandwicensis. To explore potential host range expansion, trials were run on economic legumes with varying phylogenetic distance from Erythrina, which showed oviposition on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with low but successful survival (10.3%), while no development occurred on broad bean or pigeon pea. More E. sandwicensis seeds germinated when infested by a single early-stage larva (70% germination) than when uninfested (20%), suggesting that minimal seed predation may facilitate germination because previously reported greater damage induced by infestation through adulthood reduces germination. Our findings highlight the ecological flexibility of an invasive bruchine, its potential to exploit other Faboideae plants, and the dual role of seed predators as both threats and facilitators of seed germination. These results have implications for conservation of endemic coral trees and for understanding invasion dynamics of shared seed predators. Additionally, we examined non-botanical substrate filled with seed powder for oviposition and compiled global host records of S. impressithorax to contextualize its host range expansion.

PMID:41375330 | PMC:PMC12694378 | DOI:10.3390/plants14233620

Plants (Basel). 2025 Nov 27;14(23):3615. doi: 10.3390/plants14233615.

ABSTRACT

Legumes are important food crops and play a central role in sustainable agriculture through their ability to form symbiosis with rhizobia, soil bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, along with single-cell epigenomics, have enabled high-resolution analysis of gene expression dynamics and the prediction of cell-type-specific regulatory networks. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the use of single-cell omics in legumes, with a particular focus on how genes functioning in distinct cell types contribute to plant development, responses to pathogens, stress-induced plasticity, and the establishment of root nodule symbioses. Case studies in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, and Arachis hypogaea illustrate the shift from bulk to single-cell multi-omics. We conclude by outlining current limitations and future directions for building integrated legume cell atlases that will support translational research and crop improvement.

PMID:41375325 | PMC:PMC12694334 | DOI:10.3390/plants14233615

Molecules. 2025 Nov 29;30(23):4594. doi: 10.3390/molecules30234594.

ABSTRACT

This study focused on analyzing the direction of changes in recognized health-promoting fatty acids, antioxidant activity, and total polyphenolic compound in the three most popular types of nuts, hazelnuts, walnuts, and peanuts, before and after roasting under various conditions. The roasting process caused changes in the content of selected health-promoting fatty acids in the tested nuts, which depended on both the type of nut and the roasting conditions used. The main fatty acids in walnuts are linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, while in peanuts and hazelnuts, oleic acid was the main fatty acid. The highest losses of these acids were observed after convective roasting, and the lowest after microwave roasting with a protective coating, which promoted better preservation of these acids in the nut fat. Walnuts exhibited a relatively high antioxidant potential, which was greater than the level in peanuts and hazelnuts. Roasting (regardless of its type) increased the antioxidant potential of all tested nuts. Microwave roasting seems to be a good option in the search for optimal process conditions for the protection of health-promoting ingredients, especially since the processing time is significantly shortened.

PMID:41375190 | PMC:PMC12693215 | DOI:10.3390/molecules30234594

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2025 Dec;36(12):e70254. doi: 10.1111/pai.70254.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the severity of peanut allergy and component-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) remains partially analyzed. We aimed to explore this relationship using a proteomic analysis of pediatric patients with peanut allergy.

METHODS: Immunoblotting and mass spectrometry were used to identify candidate peanut allergen components, which were confirmed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from pediatric patients with peanut allergy confirmed through a positive oral food challenge test (OFC). The association between each protein-specific IgE level and the severity of peanut allergy was compared. The severity of peanut allergy was quantified as TS/Pro, which is the total score (TS) of Anaphylaxis Scoring Aichi divided by the cumulative protein dose of peanuts at the OFC (Pro).

RESULTS: This study comprised 52 patients with peanut allergy. In addition to the known peanut allergen components, we discovered seven allergens in more than five participants. Among the participants, 24 (46.2%) had Annexin Gh1-specific IgE. Ara h 2 (rs = 0.67, p < .001) and Ara h 6 (rs = 0.66, p < .001) specific IgEs and the sum of the absorbance of all seven candidates (rs = 0.64, p < .001) were strongly correlated with TS/Pro. Ara h 1 (rs = 0.30, p < .05), Ara h 3 (rs = 0.37, p < .01), Ara h 7 (rs = 0.34, p < .05), and the seed biotin-containing protein SBP65 (rs = 0.35, p < .05) specific IgEs were correlated with TS/Pro.

CONCLUSION: Ara h 2- and 6-specific IgEs and sensitization diversity were the most significant factors that correlated with peanut allergy severity. We identified SBP65 (Ara h 20) as a potential novel allergen component related to peanut allergy severity.

PMID:41367265 | DOI:10.1111/pai.70254

J Pharm Anal. 2025 Nov;15(11):101288. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101288. Epub 2025 Apr 1.

ABSTRACT

Image 1.

PMID:41357140 | PMC:PMC12677053 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101288

J Pineal Res. 2026 Jan;78(1):e70105. doi: 10.1111/jpi.70105.

ABSTRACT

Melatonin, a pleiotropic phytohormone, is widely recognized as a promising bio-stimulant, yet its integrative effects on root development, yield gain, and microbiome assembly in legumes remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin seed treatment across three peanut genotypes, focusing on plant productivity and the composition and structure of bacterial communities in root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil compartments. Melatonin treatment substantially improved root biomass, nodulation, nitrogen balance index, and yield-related traits, with the highest response observed in the genotype Xinbaihua 16. Amplicon sequencing revealed that melatonin induced distinct genotype and compartment specific shifts in bacterial community composition, with the root bacteria showing the increased remodeling, including a 45.9% increase in unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Melatonin selectively enriched key Proteobacteria taxa such as Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Enterobacter hormaechei, known for their plant-growth promoting and biocontrol capabilities. Notably, melatonin-enriched taxa also included widely recognized nitrogen-fixing symbionts such as Pararhizobium and Ensifer, underscoring a direct link between melatonin-induced microbiome shifts and enhanced nitrogen acquisition capacity. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that melatonin-treated roots harbored more complex bacterial networks, and Modules 3 and 4, dominated by melatonin-induced Proteobacteria, were strongly correlated with most plant traits. Collectively these findings highlight melatonin dual role as a bio-stimulant and microbiome modulator, promoting a functionally enriched and responsive bacteria that support enhanced plant performance. This study provides novel insights into the melatonin-mediated coordination of plant performance and bacterial assembly, offering a foundation for microbiome-informed crop improvement strategies.

PMID:41355426 | DOI:10.1111/jpi.70105

Am J Bot. 2025 Dec 7:e70138. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.70138. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PREMISE: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allotetraploid (AABB) globally important crop. While it lacks critical alleles for resistance to many diseases and climate adaptation, wild Arachis species are diverse and possess genes useful for crop improvement. Thus, understanding their reproductive biology and cross-compatibility is critical to the development of viable hybrids suitable for breeding programs. We evaluated factors influencing hybridization effectiveness of peanut wild relatives.

METHODS: We evaluated species-specific reproductive efficiency through spontaneous and artificial self-pollination, and cross-compatibility, via 5321 artificial pollinations performed across 30 interspecific combinations. We monitored hybrid development through to adult F1. Hybridization effectiveness was measured as absolute and relative parameters, with the latter normalized to the reproductive efficiency of the female parent. We estimated genetic distances using a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array to evaluate whether there is a correlation with hybridization success.

RESULTS: Reproductive efficiency after spontaneous pollination differed among species, and manual pollinations did not affect it. Relative hybridization effectiveness was different between intragenomic and intergenomic combinations, and genetic distance was not correlated with cross-compatibility between species. Instead, reproductive efficiency of the female parent and a set of prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers, whose strength varied by species pair, cross direction, and genome type, affected hybridization effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS: The framework we used documented that, beyond genetic distance and genome type, intrinsic biological traits influence hybridization success between peanut wild relatives. This approach may offer a model pathway to enhance the understanding of the hybridization potential of crop wild species and their effective utilization in pre-breeding programs.

PMID:41355067 | DOI:10.1002/ajb2.70138

Plant J. 2025 Dec;124(5):e70608. doi: 10.1111/tpj.70608.

ABSTRACT

Peanut productivity and quality improvement rely on understanding the genetic factors influencing pod and seed size. This study aims to identify genetic factors and regulatory mechanisms influencing pod and seed size in peanuts. Herein, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 390 accessions from 15 peanut growing regions to analyze pod and seed traits across multiple planting seasons. A significant phenotypic variation was observed, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 53.6 to 85.4%. Strong correlations between pod and seed traits further suggest potential for co-selection in breeding efforts. A pleiotropic hotspot on chromosome B06 was strongly associated with six pod and seed traits. A peanut pod size regulator AhPDS1 (PODSIZE-1, Ahy_B06g085516) homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana YUCCA4 (AtYUC4, AT5G11320), involved in auxin biosynthesis, was selected as a candidate regulating pod and seed size. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed higher AhPDS1 expression in large pod as compared with the small pod genotypes. Subcellular localization showed AhPDS1 to be predominantly cytoplasmic, and GUS reporter assays indicated widespread expression in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and pods, suggesting a broad functional role. Further overexpression of AhPDS1 in Arabidopsis and rice enhanced pod, seed, and grain sizes via the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway in transgene lines. These findings highlight AhPDS1 as a potential target for peanut molecular breeding, offering opportunities to enhance pod size via auxin biosynthesis and support sustainable crop improvement.

PMID:41343760 | DOI:10.1111/tpj.70608

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Dec;39(12):1156-1162. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.12.010.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and major allergens of patients with pollen-food allergy syndrome（PFAS） and their correlation with the severity of symptoms, and to provide a basis for identifying high-risk patients, optimizing the allergen testing process and developing individualized dietary management strategies. Methods:The clinical data of 166 patients with PFAS admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms, pollen types and food allergy of the patients were analyzed by questionnaire survey and serum specific IgE detection. phi coefficient, Apriori algorithm modeling and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between allergen and symptom severity. Results:Artemisia pollen was the most common allergen in this area, with a positive rate of 96.39%. Peach and mango were the most common food allergens, which caused allergic reactions in 24.10% and 22.89% of patients, respectively. Oral mucosal symptoms were the main symptoms. Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between pollen allergens and allergenic food. Association rule analysis showed that when the patient was allergic to the combination of peanuts and trees, the probability of high severity of symptoms was 82.35%. Multivariate analysis showed that ragweed allergy was significantly positively correlated with the severity of PFAS symptoms. Conclusion:Artemisia pollen and related food allergens play an important role in the pathogenesis of PFAS. Association rule mining and network map analysis revealed direct associations between peanut and tree combination allergy and symptom severity, as well as potential links between other inhaled allergens and specific food allergies. Ragweed and peach allergy are independent risk factors for the aggravation of PFAS symptoms, which can be used as early warning indicators. These results help to improve the screening of high-risk patients and the construction of regional allergen databases.

PMID:41338265 | DOI:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2025.12.010

BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Dec 1. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07707-z. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41327008 | DOI:10.1186/s12870-025-07707-z

Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2026 Jan;216(Pt 1):106766. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106766. Epub 2025 Oct 21.

ABSTRACT

Peanut southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., significantly reduces both global yield and quality of peanut. Tebuconazole, a triazole fungicide, effectively inhibits S. rolfsii, but its resistance risk and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the EC₅₀ values for tebuconazole against 210 S. rolfsii isolates ranged from 0.0651 to 5.772 mg L^-1 with sensitivity exhibiting a multimodal distribution. Four tebuconazole-resistant mutants (Resistance factor: 17.50-33.50-fold) generated by laboratory adaptation showed fitness costs in salt tolerance and virulence, with diminished exopolysaccharide production. However, no fitness costs were observed in mycelial growth rate or sclerotia production compared to their corresponding parental strains. Tebuconazole showed positive cross-resistance with fluxapyroxad but negative with cyprodinil. No cross-resistance occurred to boscalid, thifluzamide, isopyrazam, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, fluxapyroxad or pydiflumetofen. The resistant mutants showed overexpression of the SrCYP51 gene, elevated ergosterol and glycerol content, but significantly reduced activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. These findings indicate that tebuconazole-resistant strains of S. rolfsii have emerged under field conditions. The overexpression of the SrCYP51 gene and elevated ergosterol levels may contribute to tebuconazole resistance in S. rolfsii. These findings elucidate S. rolfsii's tebuconazole resistance mechanism and provide field-applicable strategies to mitigate resistance evolution.

PMID:41326117 | DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106766

Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2026 Jan;216(Pt 1):106760. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106760. Epub 2025 Oct 18.

ABSTRACT

Peanuts and corn are economically important crops that are frequently infected by Aspergillus flavus, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium species. In this study, atoxigenic A. flavus PA51 and PA61 were isolated, and both effectively inhibited aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) production in corn (up to 92.13 % and 89.21 %) and peanuts (up to 85.69 % and 95.77 %). At a concentration of 1 × 10⁷ spores/mL, PA51 exhibited inhibition rates of 74.57 %, 88.67 %, and 90.44 % against S. rolfsii, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium verticillioides, respectively, while PA61 achieved inhibition rates of 78.52 %, 86.59 %, and 90.59 %. Additionally, 20 % PA51 supernatant exhibited inhibition rates of 41.58 %, 50.84 %, and 43.25 % against S. rolfsii, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, while PA61 achieved inhibition rates of 45.75 %, 40.90 %, and 45.55 %. For S. rolfsii, active compounds such as kojic acid in the supernatant inhibited sclerotia germination, oxalic acid secretion, and polygalacturonase activity. For Fusarium species, the supernatant significantly reduced fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) production, with PA51 (44.08 %-78.06 %) exhibiting stronger inhibition compared to PA61 (41.96-71.40 %). Transcriptomic and indicator analyses revealed that atoxigenic A. flavus exerts antifungal effects by disrupting cell wall and membrane integrity, inducing oxidative stress, and impairing energy metabolism. Field experiments demonstrated that the application of atoxigenic A. flavus reduced AFB₁ and FB₁ levels in peanuts, corn, and field soil by nearly 80 %. Additionally, it significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium species, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. These findings indicated that atoxigenic A. flavus has significant potential for biological control and provided new insights into its antifungal mechanisms.

PMID:41326114 | DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106760

Theor Appl Genet. 2025 Dec 1;138(12):314. doi: 10.1007/s00122-025-05101-9.

ABSTRACT

A major QTL, qEFT13.1, for flowering time in cultivated peanut, was fine-mapped to a 169-kb interval on chromosome 13, and AhFPA1, a homolog of AtFPA, was identified as the causal gene through functional validation. Flowering time serves as a key agronomic trait that significantly impacts yield, quality, and environmental adaptation in cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). Here, the fine-mapping of the locus and an investigation of its causal gene are presented. In this study, the early-flowering genotype Jihua 23 and the late-flowering genotype SN012 were selected to construct a genetic population for mapping key genes controlling flowering time. Based on phenotypic data from the F₂ and F_2:3 populations, a major-effect QTL, qEFT13.1, was identified on chromosome 13 using a combination of QTL-seq and conventional QTL analysis. A derived population consisting of 3,426 F_3:4 families was utilized for fine-mapping, narrowing down the qEFT13.1 locus to a 169-kb genomic interval, which harbored 20 genes. Integrated gene function annotation, candidate gene sequence analysis, and expression profiling suggested that AhFPA1, a homolog of the Arabidopsis autonomous flowering pathway gene AtFPA, is the candidate gene regulating flowering time in peanut. Overexpression of AhFPA1 in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed its function in accelerating flowering time. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing early flowering in cultivated peanut, offering valuable insights for the breeding of early-maturing varieties.

PMID:41324681 | DOI:10.1007/s00122-025-05101-9

Plant Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 1;44(12):286. doi: 10.1007/s00299-025-03674-9.

ABSTRACT

Stilbenes, including resveratrol, piceatannol, and piceid, are valuable plant secondary metabolites but are often limited in terms of bioproduction yield. This study represents the first attempt to modulate stilbene production pathways in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cells. We investigated the potential of L-phenylalanine, sodium malonate dibasic, and cerulenin as metabolic modulators to promote stilbene biosynthesis. These modulators were tested at different concentrations and time points in both peanut callus cultures and cell suspension cultures. The effects of these modulators on cell growth and stilbene production were assessed. The results revealed that metabolic modulators significantly influence the production patterns of resveratrol, piceid, and piceatannol in peanut cells. Interestingly, both static and suspension cultures displayed distinct responses, with metabolite type and yield depending on the growth phase, modulator concentration, and incubation time. Our findings showed that 0.0002 mM cerulenin was the most effective modulator, resulting in more than a tenfold increase in resveratrol production in callus cultures. In cell suspension cultures, 0.5 mM sodium malonate dibasic also enhanced the production of resveratrol during the lag phase, whereas piceatannol and piceid were more prominently produced during the stationary phase. This effect was more significant than that observed with phenylalanine and cerulenin. This research provided valuable insights into metabolic pathway regulation within peanut cells and established a novel host system as a viable platform for future stilbene production.

PMID:41324644 | DOI:10.1007/s00299-025-03674-9

BMC Genomics. 2025 Nov 29. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-12332-z. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41318389 | DOI:10.1186/s12864-025-12332-z

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Nov 15;307:119490. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119490. Epub 2025 Nov 28.

ABSTRACT

Cadmium (Cd(II)), one of the most toxic heavy metals in paddy soils, poses a major threat to food security. In this study, the effects of biochar derived from maize straw (MB), peanut shells (PB), and their copyrolysis (MPB) on soil properties, Cd(II) immobilization, microbial communities, and rice production were evaluated. MPB exhibited superior physicochemical properties relative to mono-feedstock biochars, including higher porosity, higher cation exchange capacity, and greater enrichment of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., CO, CC). XRD and SEM analysis showed that MPB had an amorphous carbon structure with decreased crystallinity and a honeycomb-like porous network, providing abundant adsorption sites. Application of MPB significantly increased soil pH, organic carbon, and available K, whereas it decreased CaCl₂-extractable Cd(II) by 51.79 % and shifted Cd(II) from the labile to residual fractions. MPB also increased bacterial α diversity, promoted the abundance of beneficial taxa such as Anaerolineaceae and Vicinamibacterales, and strongly reshaped community and environmental relationships. In rice tissues, compared with the control, MPB reduced Cd(II) accumulation by 19.42 % in roots, 23.32 % in stems, 47.18 % in leaves, and 45.56 % in grain, ensuring that Cd(II) levels in grain remained below the national safety threshold. Moreover, MPB improved rice yield (+2.55 %), milling quality, and amylose content. These findings demonstrate that copyrolyzed biochar provides an integrated strategy to simultaneously mitigate Cd(II) risk and increase rice productivity in contaminated paddy soils.

PMID:41317724 | DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119490

BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Nov 28;25(1):1661. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07667-4.

ABSTRACT

Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are essential in eukaryotes for transporting phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine monomers across intracellular membranes, and they play key roles in regulating plant growth, signal transduction, stress responses, and other vital biological processes. Arachis hypogaea L., the crop most susceptible to Aspergillus flavus, has not been reported its PITP genes in responses to A. flavus infection. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the PITP gene family in the peanut cultivar Tifrunner using the latest reference genome, and analyzed their expression patterns in different peanut tissues and at various time points after A. flavus inoculation. Furthermore, we cloned a candidate gene, AhSFH8 (a member of the PITP family's SFH subfamily, which contains Sec14-Nodulin or NIJ16 domains) from the highly A. flavus-resistant peanut material "J11" and validated its function via overexpression in tobacco. A total of 85 peanut PITP genes (AhPITPs) were identified, which were classified into three subfamilies and distributed across 20 chromosomes. Segmental duplication was found to be the main driver for the expansion of this family, and gene structure, motif, and conserved domain analyses confirmed their structural conservation. Promoter cis-acting element analysis showed that SFH subfamily members harbored more stress-related elements, suggesting their involvement in stress responses. Expression profiling revealed that three SFH genes (AhSFH8, AhSFH9, AhSFH10) were potentially associated with A. flavus resistance. Cloning of AhSFH8 from "J11" showed its target fragment is 1917 bp in length, with premature translation termination at 1836 bp. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing AhSFH8 exhibited significantly less leaf yellowing and fewer surface spores than wild-type tobacco after A. flavus infection, preliminarily confirming that AhSFH8 enhances A. flavus resistance. Based on gene family identification, promoter analysis, expression patterns and transgenic functional validation, we identified three SFH genes potentially associated with resistance to A. flavus infection. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding the functions of the peanut PITP gene family and the mechanism underlying AhSFH8-mediated resistance to A. flavus infection, while also offering valuable candidate genes for peanut resistance breeding.

PMID:41315903 | PMC:PMC12664188 | DOI:10.1186/s12870-025-07667-4